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Tomb of Pope Alexander VII
The ''Tomb of Pope Alexander VII'' is a sculptural monument designed and partially executed by the Italian artist Gianlorenzo Bernini. It is located in the south transept of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican City. The piece was commissioned by Pope Alexander VII himself. However, construction of the monument didn't start until 1671 and was completed in 1678, eleven years after the Pope's death.〔Mormando, ''Bernini'', 199.〕 At the age of 81, this would be Bernini's last major sculptural commission before his death in 1680.
==Figures==
There are six significant figures in the monument. At the apex is Alexander kneeling in prayer. Below him are four female statues representing virtues practiced by the Pontiff. On the foreground is Charity with a child in her arms. To the right of that is Truth, whose foot rests on a globe. More precisely, Truth's foot is placed directly over England, where Pope Alexander had strived to subdue the growth of Anglicanism. On the second level are Prudence and Justice. These statues were carved in white marble. Most dramatically, below Alexander, the figure of Death is represented in gilded bronze, shrouded in a billowing drapery of Sicilian jasper.〔Nicolo Suffi, "St Peter's".〕 He raises an hourglass to symbolize that time has passed. The hourglass is also an artistic symbol of "memento mori" which translates from Latin to "remember you will die". The plinth is in black, as a sign of mourning for the Pope.〔Ibid.〕 The expansive billowing drapery of dark Sicilian jasper contrasts dramatically with the still white marble figures. In situations where Bernini needed a great mass of material, he could not depend just on marble recovered from ancient buildings and chose to work with a more modern marble. Thus he chose the Sicilian red jasper, the coloring rich in red tones with green streamed in. Even though the decision was based upon need, you can see Bernini's artistry throughout the tomb. The white marble contains a more pure feeling surrounding the figures of the Pope and the four virtues. This greatly contrasts to the dramatic drapery and the bronze figure of Death, both rich in color, adding emphasis to their meaning.〔Borsi, ''Bernini'', 236.〕
The monument was a collaboration between Bernini and his assistants, the latter doing most of the work under the close supervision of Bernini.〔Mezzatesta and Preimesberger, "Bernini".〕 These collaborators included G. Mazzuoli, L. Morelli, G. Cartari, M. Maglia, and L. Balestri.〔Wittkower, ''Bernini'', 295-296; and Suffi, "St Peter's".〕 Bernini himself most likely worked on the statue of the Pope. Known for his portrait sculptures, he probably put the finishing touches to Alexander's face.〔Wittkower, ''Bernini'', 295-296.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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